In 1969, however, he renounced his rights once again, this time in favor of his nephew, Juan Carlos. (In 1949, he retracted his renunciation, eventually becoming the head of the Carlists. It is known popularly as 'The Royal Disease,' as it has affected many of the royal families of Europe by virtue of Queen Victoria being a carrier for the gene and, subsequently, passing it on to her offspring. Nearly all of them married into European royal families and many of her. Hemophilia in the royal family did not end with the princes most closely tied to the British Royal Family. Spontaneous mutations are the cause of about 30 of hemophilia cases. Her father, Edward, Duke of Kent, was not a hemophiliac and there was no history of hemophilia in the family of her mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He was not a hemophiliac, but he became deaf after an operation during his early childhood, and he too decided to renounce his rights to the throne when he turned 25. Hemophilia is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder. The couple had nine children from 1840-1857: Victoria, Edward, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold and Beatrice. It is probable that the royal hemophilia appeared because of a spontaneous mutation in Queen Victoria. (He died in a car accident five years later.) Ena’s second child, Infante Jaime, was born a year after his elder brother. He ultimately renounced his rights to the throne in 1933 so that he could marry a Cuban commoner, Edelmira Sampedro-Ocejo y Robato. Although he had inherited the bleeding disorder, Alfonso lived into adulthood. Their happiness over the birth of an heir was dampened, however, when they discovered that he had inherited hemophilia, just like his uncle Maurice and several of his cousins. Their first child, Alfonso, was born in May 1907, less than a year after their wedding. Alfonso and Ena’s young family grew quickly.
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